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The role of education in overcoming loneliness
Moravčíková, Ivana ; Svobodová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mazáčová, Nataša (referee)
The thesis deals with education in the sense of dialogue between the educator and the educated. It deals with the character of this relationship and deals with its influence on loneliness. The work is based on the texts of personalistic philosophers (M. Buber, G. Marcel, E. Levinas, K. Vrána) and is focused not only on how they view the dialogue relationship in terms of its nature but also focuses on what are the causes of loneliness. It turns out that there is an indirect proportion between fulfilling relationships and loneliness, but it is also important to note that a certain amount of our loneliness is natural and it's quite impossible to remove it. One chapter is devoted to each of the selected philosophers of this thesis, in which each personalist is introduced from a biographical point of view and then the rest of the chapter is devoted to the philosophy itself. At the same time, an effort to find a way for the personalistic philosophy that would lead to the process of education is present throughout the whole thesis.
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Ethics of Emmanuel Lévinas
HUŠEK, Jakub
The thesis is called Emmanuel Lévinas Ethics and its aim is to explain the ethical concept of this original French philosopher. The first part of the thesis is focused on important influences that were important for Lévinas' philosophical work. The next part of the thesis deals with dialogical personalism as a philosophical direction into which Lévinas is most often classified. The third and most important part deals with the motives that led Lévinas to the elaboration of his ethical theses and subsequently parts of these theses are processed. It turns out that the basic aspect of his theory is the social relationship of the 'I' with the Second, through which the path to transcendence leads .Lévinas' conception is considered as a sort of ethical turn in philosophy and can be considered as a return to man. Properly conceived ethics based on respect, Levinas considers being "prima Philosophia".
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The Relationship Between Ethics and Faith in Søren Kierkegaard and Emmanuel Lévinas
Šolarová, Anna ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "The Relationship Between Ethics and Faith in Sren Kierkegaard and Emmanuel Lévinas " deals with the relationship of an individual to other human beings and his or her relationship to God, or transcendence. It closely examines mutual dependence of the two relationships and their existential implications for the individual, who vainly seeks selfunderstanding and self-fulfillment in the temporality and finiteness of the world. While Kierkegaardian ethics is subordinated to the absolute claim of faith, Lévinas ascribes absolute authority to ethics. Kierkegaard's "teleological suspension of the ethical" is particularly problematic and Lévinas rejects this notion as immoral. However, the confrontation of their conflicting views reveals numerous analogies and commonalities, which are discussed in more detail below. Both thinkers resist the all-embracing concepts of the Western thought and emhasize the importance of relationship to transcendence, which relates the individual to a higher reality and frees him or her from restraining selfishness of being. The thesis includes Lévinas's objections to Kierkegaard's philosophy and suggests an answer to this critique that the Danish thinker might offer. The connection between duty (ethical or religious) and personal freedom is a recurring theme...
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The Theme of Evil and the Moral Concern in George Orwell´s Novels A Clergyman´s Daughter, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four
ŤUPA, Jan
This diploma thesis is concerned with the analysis of famous novels written by the English writer George Orwell. It is confronted with ethical concept represented by Emmanuel Lévinas. The thesis is about a social evil in all aspects. It observes the roots of historical events and searches for the crucial solutions why evil is still present in the human society and can be a threat for the society anytime. The thesis discusses the elements like demagogy, physical and psychological terror towards the humans in any possible dictatorships. At the end of the thesis, the author is drawing on Orwell´s and Lévinas´s ideas, which should be respected in the correct functioning of any social system.
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Jean Améry's and Emmanuel Lévinas' view of death and dying
CHALOUPKOVÁ, Ivana
The work deals with the ideas of Jean Amery and Emmanuel Levinas, mainly related to death and dying. It focuses also on human existence. It deals with the concepts of time, aging, attitude to society and to the world, responsibility and freedom. Its aim is to compare ideas among themselves, find links and similarities and differences. There are inserted own perceptions and attitudes towards the ideas of both authors into the work. Their purpose is to arouse the reader's restlessness and activity and guide him to new ways to think about. This work shows that Amery's and Lévinas' attitudes are rather different, but are not directly antagonistic. Levinas' philosophy is rather positive, Amery's negative. Améry is not only a philosopher of suicide too, for which is he often considered, but also deals with life itself.
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Philosophical interpretation of works of Marc Chagall
JINDRÁKOVÁ, Edita
This thesis covers the interpretation of life and work of Marc Chagall, jewish painter of 20th century. Goal of the thesis is to highlight symbolic motives of his work, and later on interpret those on selected pieces. The thesis is divided into four parts. First part is devoted to the life of the painter and his jewish origin, which had a significant influence on the character of his work. Second part covers the meaning of symbols in art and religon in general. Third tries to compare Chagall's conveyance with two jewish philosophers of the dialog: E. Lévinas and F. Rosenzweig. Fourth then interprets selected pieces with philosophical or religious extent. Whole thesis is based on the conception that art is able to convey messages and interpret the world around us.
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